Effect of a demineralization model on the microhardness, surface roughness and topography of giomers: An in vitro study.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of a demineralization model on the microhardness, surface roughness, and topography of giomers.Seventy-two discs of six different dental materials in three different presentations (pit and fissure sealant (PFS), flowable and restorative materials) were divided into six groups (n = 12 p/g). Three experimental groups (giomers) consisted of BeautiSealant, Beautifil Flow Plus, and Beautifil II, and three control groups (resin-based materials) were formed using ClinproTM, FiltekTM Z350 XT Flow, and Filtek™ Bulk Fill materials. Vickers microhardness, surface roughness, and topographic analysis with atomic force microscopy were measured at the beginning (0) after four (1) and 7 days (2) of immersion in a demineralizing model. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way and Repeated Measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p ≤ .05). The microhardness values showed significant variations, except for the G_RM group. All the groups presented significant increases in roughness through the experiment stages, except for RB_PFS in the Ra parameter. The topographic analysis showed variations in the micromorphology, especially in the experimental group at the end of the demineralization model. Finally, there was no correlation between microhardness and surface roughness. The demineralization model decreased the microhardness, with the lowest reductions in the giomers groups. The effect of the demineralizing model on the surface roughness and topography showed an increase in specific patterns for the experimental and control groups. Therefore, their clinical use is recommended. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The demineralization model decreased the microhardness property of the evaluated materials, with better performance for the giomer groups. The effect of the demineralizing model on surface roughness showed an increase with specific patterns for the experimental and control groups. Although the materials presented changes in their microhardness, roughness, and topography, their clinical use is recommended.

Clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with dental extractions in a clinical sample.

The objective of the present study was to identify the reasons for dental extractions in patients seeking dental care in a university dental clinic in Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study that assessed 284 consecutive patients at the School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico between August 2017 and November 2018. In total, 505 extractions were performed. The dependent variable was the reason for extraction: 0) dental caries and ensuing sequels (reference category); 1) periodontal disease and ensuing sequels; and 2) other reasons. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables were included as independent variables. The analysis was done with multinomial logistic regression (Stata 14.0). Out of all extractions, 63.6% (n=321) were due to dental caries and ensuing sequels; 22.0% (n=111) were due to periodontal disease and ensuing sequels; 5.3% (n=27) endodontic failure; 5.1% (n=26) prosthetic indications; 1.6% (n=8) orthodontic indications; and the rest (2.4%) were due to other reasons. In the multivariate model extractions due to periodontal disease vs dental caries were associated with occasionally smoking tobacco (Odds Ratio, OR=3.90) or daily tobacco use (OR=3.19); the tooth to be extracted having been previously restored (OR=2.35); extracted anterior as opposed to posterior teeth (OR =2.63); and patients with multiple extractions (OR=2.68). In the case of extractions due to "other reasons", no variable was significant. Dental caries and periodontal disease were the main reasons for dental extraction in this sample. Several variables, mostly clinical, were associated with extractions for periodontal reasons.

Innovative Curved-Tip Reactor for Non-Thermal Plasma and Plasma-Treated Water Generation: Synergistic Impact Comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite in Dental Root Canal Disinfection.

Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs), known as cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs), hold great potential for diverse medical applications, including dentistry. However, traditional linear and rigid dielectric barrier discharge reactors used for NTP generation encounter limitations in accessing oral cavities and root canals. To address this issue, we have developed an innovative NTP reactor featuring an angled end for improved accessibility. The central copper electrode, with a 0.59 mm diameter and adjustable length for desired angulation, is coated with zircon powder (ZrSiO4) to ensure stable NTP generation. This central electrode is housed within a stainless steel tube (3 mm internal diameter, 8 mm external diameter, and 100 mm length) with a 27° angle at one end, making it ergonomically suitable for oral applications. NTP generation involves polarizing the reactor electrodes with 13.56 MHz radio frequency signals, using helium gas as a working medium. We introduce plasma-treated water (PTW) as an adjunctive therapy to enhance biofilm eradication within root canals. A synergistic approach combining NTP and PTW is employed and compared to the gold standard (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl), effectively neutralizing Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, even in scenarios involving biofilms. Moreover, applying NTP in both gaseous and liquid environments successfully achieves bacterial inactivation at varying treatment durations, demonstrating the device's suitability for medical use in treating root canal biofilms. The proposed NTP reactor, characterized by its innovative design, offers a practical and specific approach to plasma treatment in dental applications. It holds promise in combatting bacterial infections in root canals and oral cavities.

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Associated with Smoking and Chewing Tobacco Use and the Human Development Index in 172 Countries Worldwide: An Ecological Study 2019-2020.

Tobacco use is associated with diseases worldwide, including cancer. This is one of the major public health problems globally, causing more than 19 million new cases in 2020. Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) is neoplastic growth in the tongue, gums, and lips. The objective of this ecological study was to quantify the strength of the association between incidence and mortality of LOCC, with tobacco use and with the Human Development Index (HDI). Incidence and mortality data on LOCC were obtained for 172 countries in 2020, from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing was obtained from reports conducted in 2019. The inequality in human development was estimated using the HDI from the United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2019). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the incidence of LOCC and tobacco smoking and chewing prevalence, except for negative correlations between the prevalence of tobacco smoking LOCC mortality in women, just as in the case of the HDI. No statistically significant differences were found between the prevalence of tobacco chewing only and the incidence of LOCC overall and by sex. A higher LOCC incidence overall and by sex was associated with higher HDI. In conclusion, the present study found positive correlations for various HDI socioeconomic indicators and tobacco use with the incidence and mortality of LOCC, but also a few inverse correlations.

Effect of some industrialized acidic beverages on the roughness of pit and fissure sealants: an in vitro study.

This study evaluated in vitro the roughness of the pit and fissure sealants (PFS) after immersion in some industrialized acidic beverages. 120 discs (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) of 4 commercial brands (3M, Ivoclar, Ultradent, and VOCO) were immersed in 1.5 mL of 3 different industrialized acid beverages (soft drink, apple juice, and fermented milk) and incubated at 37 ºC for 15 and 30 days. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) was measured at the beginning (0), 15 (1), and 30 days (2) after immersion, using a profilometer, under the standard ISO 4287-1997. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and repeated measures analysis of variance (Repeated measures ANOVA) test (p < 0.05). Ultradent and VOCO had the higher baseline surface roughness values, while 3M presented the lower baseline values (p > 0.05). After 15 and 30 days of immersion, the 3M group still showed the minimum values of surface roughness (p < 0.05). In addition, the maximum roughness values were seen in group UC (Ultradent/Coca-Cola) (p < 0.05). The surface roughness of the PFS increased according to the period of immersion in some industrialized acidic beverages. This increase was specific to each commercial brand. Therefore, the 3M PFS presented the best performance before and after immersion in the beverages.

Use of liquid-based cytology samples reveals genomic instability and cell death in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

PURPOSE: To examine the use of liquid-based exfoliative cytology to determine the presence of genomic instability and cell death in the oral mucosa of patients with orthodontic appliances. METHODS: Fifty-four oral mucosa samples were collected from 18 patients and divided into three stages: T0, before fixation of orthodontic appliances; T1, 25 days after appliance fixation; T2, 90 days after appliance fixation. All samples were Papanicolaou-stained and observed by microscopy (1,000 cells/sample) to ascertain the frequency of micronucleated cells (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (nuclear buds (NB), binucleated (BN), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KR), and karyolysis (KL)). Differences were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests. RESULTS: After placement of orthodontic appliances, significant differences were observed for genomic instability biomarkers (MN and NB) and cell death (CC, KR and KL) (P < 0.05). Female patients and older patients exhibited a higher frequency of MN. CONCLUSION: Liquid-based cytology has revealed that orthodontic appliances induce genomic instability and cell death in epithelial tissue of the oral mucosa, facilitating sample preservation and yielding more than one preparation per sample. Future studies should investigate whether such cell damage can be reversed through cell repair or whether cell alterations evolve and lead to disease.

Clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with dental extractions in a clinical sample

Abstract The objective of the present study was to identify the reasons for dental extractions in patients seeking dental care in a university dental clinic in Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study that assessed 284 consecutive patients at the School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico between August 2017 and November 2018. In total, 505 extractions were performed. The dependent variable was the reason for extraction: 0) dental caries and ensuing sequels (reference category); 1) periodontal disease and ensuing sequels; and 2) other reasons. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables were included as independent variables. The analysis was done with multinomial logistic regression (Stata 14.0). Out of all extractions, 63.6% (n=321) were due to dental caries and ensuing sequels; 22.0% (n=111) were due to periodontal disease and ensuing sequels; 5.3% (n=27) endodontic failure; 5.1% (n=26) prosthetic indications; 1.6% (n=8) orthodontic indications; and the rest (2.4%) were due to other reasons. In the multivariate model extractions due to periodontal disease vs dental caries were associated with occasionally smoking tobacco (Odds Ratio, OR=3.90) or daily tobacco use (OR=3.19); the tooth to be extracted having been previously restored (OR=2.35); extracted anterior as opposed to posterior teeth (OR =2.63); and patients with multiple extractions (OR=2.68). In the case of extractions due to "other reasons", no variable was significant. Dental caries and periodontal disease were the main reasons for dental extraction in this sample. Several variables, mostly clinical, were associated with extractions for periodontal reasons.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os motivos das extrações dentárias em pacientes que procuram atendimento odontológico em uma clínica odontológica universitária no México. Este é um estudo transversal que avaliou 284 pacientes consecutivos na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México entre agosto de 2017 e novembro de 2018. No total, foram realizadas 505 extrações. A variável dependente foi o motivo da extração: 0) cárie dentária e sequelas subsequentes (categoria de referência); 1) doença periodontal e sequelas subsequentes; e 2) outros motivos. Variáveis sociodemográficas, socioeconômicas e clínicas foram incluídas como variáveis independentes. A análise foi feita com regressão logística multinomial (Stata 14.0). De todas as extrações, 63,6% (n=321) foram devidas a cárie dentária e sequelas subsequentes; 22,0% (n=111) foram devidas a doença periodontal e sequelas subsequentes; 5,3% (n=27) a insucesso endodôntico; 5,1% (n=26) a indicações protéticas; 1,6% (n=8) a indicações ortodônticas; e o restante (2,4%) foi devido a outros motivos. No modelo multivariado, as extrações por doença periodontal vs. cárie dentária foram associadas ao tabagismo ocasional (Odds Ratio, OR=3,90) ou ao uso diário de tabaco (OR=3,19); ao fato de o dente a ser extraído ter sido restaurado anteriormente (OR=2,35); à extração de dentes anteriores em vez de posteriores (OR=2,63); e a pacientes com extrações múltiplas (OR=2,68). No caso de extrações devido a "outros motivos", nenhuma variável foi significativa. A cárie dentária e a doença periodontal foram os principais motivos de extração dentária nessa amostra. Diversas variáveis, principalmente clínicas, foram associadas às extrações por motivos periodontais.

Effect of Surface Roughness of Deciduous and Permanent Tooth Enamel on Bacterial Adhesion.

The adhesion of some bacteria has been attributed to critical levels of roughness in hard tissues, which increases the risk of developing caries. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of deciduous and permanent tooth enamel surface roughness on bacterial adhesion. One hundred and eight samples of deciduous and permanent enamel were divided into two groups (n = 54). G1_DE deciduous enamel and G2_PE permanent enamel. The surface roughness was measured by profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Subsequently, the evaluation of bacterial adherence was carried out in triplicate by means of the XTT cell viability test. Additionally, bacterial adhesion was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The average values of the micrometric roughness in both groups were similar; however, in the nanometric scale they presented significant differences. Additionally, the G1_DE group showed the highest amount of adhered S. mutans and S. sanguinis compared to the G2_EP group. Although the roughness of deciduous and permanent enamel showed contrasting results according to the evaluation technique (area and scale of analysis), bacterial adhesion was greater in deciduous enamel; hence, enamel roughness may not be a determining factor in the bacterial adhesion phenomenon.

Silver nanoparticles in orthodontics, a new alternative in bacterial inhibition: in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to assess the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of surface-modified different orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, using radiomarker. METHODS: In this study evaluated quantitatively the adherence of Streptococci to orthodontic brackets, 300 samples of orthodontic brackets were selected and classified in to 10 groups as follow: GIn (InVu-Roth), GIIn (System-AlexanderLTS), GIIIn (Gemini-Roth), GIVn (NuEdge-Roth), GVn (Radiance plus-Roth), GVI (InVu-Roth), GVII (System-AlexanderLTS), GVIII (Gemini-Roth), GIX (NuEdge-Roth), GX (Radiance plus-Roth). All the samples were sonicated and Streptococci were cultivated by gender. A radioactive marker (3H) was used to codify the bacteria and measure them. After that, the brackets were submerged in a radiolabelled solution, and the radiation was measured. The statistical analysis was calculated with ANOVA test (Sheffè post hoc). RESULTS: The results showed significant differences were found among the groups. GIIIn shown the lowest scores for both bacteria; in contrast, GIX for Streptococcus mutans and GVI for Streptococcus sobrinus were the highest values. CONCLUSIONS: Surface modification of orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles can be used to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries during orthodontic treatment.

Remineralizing Effect of Xilitol, Juniperus Communis and Camellia Sinensis Added to a Toothpaste: An In Vitro Study / Efecto remineralizante del Xilitol, Juniperus Communis y Camellia Sinensis adicionados en pastas dentales: Estudio in vitro

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to explore the remineralizing effect of toothpastes based on Xilitol, Camellia Sinensis and Juniperus Communis. An in vitro experimental study was carried out in an 18 human premolars sample, which were treated with one of the 3 evaluated toothpastes and a control fluoride one. The atomic percentages of Ca and P were evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, the enamel surface of treated teeth was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The evaluations were carried out in three stages: pre-treatment, after an artificial demineralization process and after the treatment with the toothpastes. In the statistical analysis, the one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used. Xilitol and Juniperus Communis showed the greatest gain of P ions compared to the control group (p<0.01). As for Ca, the group treated with xylitol-based toothpaste showed more ion gain compared with the control group (p<0.01). In the Pearson correlation test between Ca and P, statistically significant correlations were observed in all groups (p<0.01), ranging between r=0.7413 (Xylitol Group) and r=0.9510 (Control Group). We concluded that Xylitol paste showed the highest remineralizing property, both in the EDS analysis and in the SEM images.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este studio fue explorer el efecto remineralizante de las cremas dentales compuestas de Xilitol, Camelia Sinensis y Juniperus Communis. Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental in vitro en una muestra de 18 premolares humanos, los cuales fueron tratados con una de las tres pastas dentales evaluadas y una fluorada. Los porcentajes atomicos de Ca y P fueron evaluados por Espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersive (EDS). Además, la superficie del esmalte de los dientes tratados fue examinada por Microscopia Electronica de Barrido (SEM). Las evaluaciones fueron llevadas a cabo en tres etapas: pre-tratamiento, despues de un proceso artificial de desmineralizacion y después del tratamiento con las pastas dentales. Se usaron ANOVA de una via y correlacion de Pearson para el analisis estadistico. Xilitol y Juniperus Communis mostraron la mayor ganancia de iones P comparados con el grupo control (p<0.01), con rangos entre r=0.7413 (Grupo con Xylitol) and r=0.9510 (Group Control). Se concluyó que la pasta con Xilitol mostró las mayores propiedades remineralizantes, tanto en el analisis EDS y las imágenes SEM.

Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on deciduous enamel roughness and bacterial adhesion: An in vitro study.

Laser irradiation has been proposed as a preventive method against dental caries since it is capable to inhibit enamel demineralization by reducing carbonate and modifying organic matter, yet it can produce significant morphological changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation on superficial roughness of deciduous dental enamel and bacterial adhesion. Fifty-four samples of deciduous enamel were divided into three groups (n = 18 each). G1_control (nonirradiated); G2_100 (7.5 J/cm2 ) and G3_100 (12.7 J/cm2 ) were irradiated with Er:YAG laser at 7.5 and 12.7 J/cm2 , respectively, under water irrigation. Surface roughness was measured before and after irradiation using a profilometer. Afterwards, six samples per group were used to measure bacterial growth by XTT cell viability assay. Adhered bacteria were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Paired t-, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to analyze statistical differences (p < .05). Before treatment, samples showed homogenous surface roughness, and after Er:YAG laser irradiation, the surfaces showed a significant increase in roughness values (p < .05). G3_100 (12.7 J/cm2 ) showed the highest amount of Streptococcus mutans adhered (p < .05). The increase in the roughness of the tooth enamel surfaces was proportional to the energy density used; the increase in surface roughness caused by laser irradiation did not augment the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis; only the use of the energy density of 12.7 J/cm2 favored significantly the adhesion of S. mutans.

Effect of airborne-particle abrasion and, acid and alkaline treatments on shear bond strength of dental zirconia.

The surface roughness, morphology and shear bond strength (SBS) of dental zirconia using three different surface treatment techniques were evaluated. Three groups of sintered zirconia blocks were treated as follow, 1) Airborne-particle abrasion (APA) group (G1-APA), 50-µm Al2O3; 2) APA and 9% hydrofluoric acid etching (G2-HF); 3) APA and Sodium Hydroxide (G3-NaOH). The specimens were evaluated for roughness [atomic force microscope (AFM)], morphology [Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)] and for SBS in the universal testing machine. The AFM revealed changes in the roughness after the surface treatments, however there was not Ra difference between groups, SEM analysis revealed changes in surface morphology for all surface treated specimens. For SBS, significant difference was found between G1-APA=8.4±2.7 MPa and G2-HF=3.3±0.6 MPa (p<0.05) and G2-HF and G3-NaOH=9.0±3.0 MPa (p<0.05). The main fracture mode was mixed failure (63%) for G1-APA and G3-NaOH groups. G2-HF showed 100% adhesive failure. SBS was improved with NaOH, however application of HF significantly decreased SBS.

Acid resistance of dental enamel treated with remineralizing agents, Er:YAG laser and combined treatments.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that lasers can increase resistance to enamel acids, and when it is associated with fluoride, both are reported to work in synergy, achieving a reduction of the solubility of enamel. Currently, other remineralizing agents have been shown to effectively inhibit enamel demineralization. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate acid resistance in the occlusal surface of permanent teeth, treated with remineralizing agents, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser and combined treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty samples of enamel were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n = 10): a control group, and groups treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with NaF (CPP-ACPF), hydroxyapatite-NaF-xylitol (HA-NaF-X), Er:YAG laser (L), L+NaF, L+CPP-ACPF, and L+HA-NaF-X. The samples were placed in an acid solution and the released calcium (Ca) was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: In the groups treated with NaF and L+NaF, a lower loss of Ca was observed - 15.27 ±5.17 mg/L and 15.20 ±3.85 mg/L, respectively - compared to the control group, which had the highest Ca loss: 21.93 ±13.24 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: Although the combination of Er:YAG laser plus NaF and the single application of NaF showed values suggesting superior resistance to demineralization of dental enamel compared to all the other groups in the study, no statistically significant differences were found to support this assertion.

Quantitative analysis of S. mutans and S. sobrinus cultivated independently and adhered to polished orthodontic composite resins.

UNLABELLED: In orthodontics, fixed appliances placed in the oral cavity are colonized by microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine the independent bacterial colonization of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in orthodontic composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven orthodontic composite adhesives for bonding brackets were selected and classified into 14 groups; (GIm, GIs) Enlight, (GIIm, GIIs) Grengloo, (GIIIm, GIIIs) Kurasper F, (GIVm, GIVs) BeautyOrtho Bond, (GVm, GVs) Transbond CC, (GVIm, GVIs) Turbo Bond II, (GVIIm, GVIIs) Blugloo. 60 blocks of 4x4x1 mm of each orthodontic composite resin were made (total 420 blocks), and gently polished with sand-paper and ultrasonically cleaned. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were independently cultivated. For the quantitative analysis, a radioactive marker was used to codify the bacteria (³H) adhered to the surface of the materials. The blocks were submerged in a solution with microorganisms previously radiolabeled and separated (210 blocks for S. mutans and 210 blocks for S. sobrinus) for 2 hours at 37 ºC. Next, the blocks were placed in a combustion system, to capture the residues and measure the radiation. The statistical analysis was calculated with the ANOVA test (Sheffè post-hoc). RESULTS: Significant differences of bacterial adhesion were found amongst the groups. In the GIm and GIs the significant lowest scores for both microorganisms were shown; in contrast, the values of GVII for both bacteria were significantly the highest. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the orthodontic composite resin evaluated in the GIm and GIs, obtained the lowest adherence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, which may reduce the enamel demineralization and the risk of white spot lesion formation.

Quantitative analysis of S. mutans and S. sobrinus cultivated independently and adhered to polished orthodontic composite resins

In Orthodontics, fixed appliances placed in the oral cavity are colonized by microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine the independent bacterial colonization of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in orthodontic composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven orthodontic composite adhesives for bonding brackets were selected and classified into 14 groups; (GIm, GIs) Enlight, (GIIm, GIIs) Grengloo, (GIIIm, GIIIs) Kurasper F, (GIVm, GIVs) BeautyOrtho Bond, (GVm, GVs) Transbond CC, (GVIm, GVIs) Turbo Bond II, (GVIIm, GVIIs) Blugloo. 60 blocks of 4x4x1 mm of each orthodontic composite resin were made (total 420 blocks), and gently polished with sand-paper and ultrasonically cleaned. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were independently cultivated. For the quantitative analysis, a radioactive marker was used to codify the bacteria (³H) adhered to the surface of the materials. The blocks were submerged in a solution with microorganisms previously radiolabeled and separated (210 blocks for S. mutans and 210 blocks for S. sobrinus) for 2 hours at 37ºC. Next, the blocks were placed in a combustion system, to capture the residues and measure the radiation. The statistical analysis was calculated with the ANOVA test (Sheffè post-hoc). RESULTS: Significant differences of bacterial adhesion were found amongst the groups. In the GIm and GIs the significant lowest scores for both microorganisms were shown; in contrast, the values of GVII for both bacteria were significantly the highest. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the orthodontic composite resin evaluated in the GIm and GIs, obtained the lowest adherence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, which may reduce the enamel demineralization and the risk of white spot lesion formation.